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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2025
  • Volume: 

    13
  • Issue: 

    3
  • Pages: 

    553-562
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    14
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Newton's method is one of the important algorithms for solving absolute value equations. In this paper, we introduce an efficient two-step iterative method to improve the Newton algorithm. The new method adopts the predictor-corrector technique in which the first step is generalized Newton method and the second step is based on SIMPSON'S $3/8$ RULE.Under some standard assumptions, the convergence of new method and its linear convergence rate are obtained. Numerical results show that the our method is efficient and robust to solve absolute value equations.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2009
  • Volume: 

    1
  • Issue: 

    1
  • Pages: 

    1-11
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    411
  • Downloads: 

    292
Abstract: 

In this paper, we present a method for solving the first kind Abel integral equation.In this method, the first kind Abel integral equation is transformed to the second kind Volterra integral equation with a continuous kernel and a smooth deriving term expressed by weakly singular integrals. By using Sidi's sinm - transformation and modified Navot-SIMPSON'S integration RULE, an algorithm for solving this kind of integral equation is proposed, then the convergence of algorithm is derived. Some numerical results show the efficiency of the mentioned method.

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Author(s): 

Taheri Ghaleno Zahra Sadat | Aghahosaini Hosain | MIRBAGHERIFARD SEYED ALI ASGHAR

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2020
  • Volume: 

    11
  • Issue: 

    3 (57)
  • Pages: 

    149-172
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    502
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

This study aims to examine the elements of stylistics in three stories. They include three poetical narratives by  A  ar in mystical genre pivoting around the character of  allaj. The main research question of are: a) According to which stylistic mechanisms of narrative are the narrative-stylistic elements explained? And b) How are these elements reflected in the narrative discourse? This study hypothesis check the components of SIMPSON'S narrative discourse to determine the stylistic features. Therefore, analysis of the texture of these narratives showed that in total, material processes with 16 applications had more performance than verbal process with 3 cases, mental process with 13 cases and behavioral process with 1 case. The research uses library method for collecting data and is analytical in nature, employing the methodology proposed by Simpson in his Stylistics approach. The results indicate the extent of characters’ collaboration by analysing the processes. In terms of point of view on the temporal plane, there is no specific time since all three narratives revolve around  allaj. The descriptive pause is another example of this point of view and narrative time in the stories is longer than story-time. In the second story, however, the narrative is denser and more concise. An example of a point of view on the temporal plane can be seen in the three discourses of narration using "the use of past verbs", "descriptive pause" and "narrative time" in two narratives, and the narrative of “ tashte khakestar va amadane ashegh" is rejected. Naturally, from the spatial point of view, referring to space is not pertinent because it the prestige of  allaj which is the focus of the author. All three narrative discourses confirm Hallaj's high position on psychological plane. The point of view is the third person in all three stories. In the first and third stories, the third person perspective is reflective, and in the second story, the third person perspective is prominent. Modality has some features in narratives of  allaj: since the narrator narrates  allaj’ s emotions and the Lover’ s character by direct speech, it has a positive shading. This may be explained using Fowler-Uspensky model. In terms of idiolect, the words uttered as the Lover’ s reaction to see the Beloved’ s (i. e.  allaj’ s) ash and finding a trace of the latter are in line with the mystical context of the story. All three stories of  allaj can be discussed in view of Labov’ s ‘ textual structure’ . Therefore, in future research, it is possible to examine the textual structure of the elements of this model in the narrative context by examining the structure of the text in other anecdotes of mystical poetry and consider the anecdotes related to elders. The results of this study showed that in almost these three stories, the result, the solution and the terminal phase are the same, and the reason is Attar's advice, which replaces any kind of analysis. With regard to intertextuality, two stories ‘  allaj in the gallows’ ( allaj bar sar-i dar) and ‘  allaj decapitated in sleep’ ( allaj ba sar-i burida) are referred to in other texts. The results of this study clearly show that the study of narrative stylistics and the application of its components have mechanisms that are suitable for analyzing different levels of narrative discourse context. In addition, this study provided an understanding of the style of Hallaj's narratives that had not been previously explored.

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Author(s): 

AHMADY N. | AHMADY E.

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2016
  • Volume: 

    8
  • Issue: 

    1
  • Pages: 

    17-23
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    790
  • Downloads: 

    148
Abstract: 

Fuzzy Newton-Cotes method for integration of fuzzy functions that was proposed by Ahmady in [1]. In this paper we construct error estimate of fuzzy Newton-Cotes method such as fuzzy Trapezoidal RULE and fuzzy Simpson RULE by using Taylor's series. The corresponding error terms are proven by two theorems. We prove that the fuzzy Trapezoidal RULE is accurate for fuzzy polynomial of degree one and fuzzy Simpson RULE is accurate for polynomial of degree three. The accuracy of fuzzy Trapezoidal RULE and fuzzy Simpson RULE for integration of fuzzy functions are illustrated by two examples.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2010
  • Volume: 

    4
  • Issue: 

    2 (S.N. 8)
  • Pages: 

    51-58
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    439
  • Downloads: 

    353
Abstract: 

In this paper, a numerical method for solving the nonlinear Fredholm integral equation is presented. We intend to approximate the solution of this equation by quadrature methods and by doing so, we solve the nonlinear Fredholm integral equation more accurately. Several examples are given at the end of this paper.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2013
  • Volume: 

    2
Measures: 
  • Views: 

    149
  • Downloads: 

    129
Abstract: 

DIFFERENT INDICES ARE USED FOR EVALUATING INFORMATIVENESS OF A DOMINANT MARKER SUCH AS PIC (POLYMORPHISM INFORMATION CONTENT), HE (GENOTYPIC GENE DIVERSITY OR EXPECTED HETEROZYGOSITY), HP (PHENOTYPIC GENE DIVERSITY) OR H' (SHANNON’S INDEX OF DIVERSITY). THESE METHODS BASICALLY USE THE BAND FREQUENCY OF DIFFERENT LOCI OF A MARKER TO CALCULATE THE INFORMATIVENESS. THE DISPERSION RATE OF BANDS OF A MULTILOCUS DOMINANT MARKER ACROSS POPULATION THAT DETERMINES ANOTHER ASPECT OF THE POWER OF A MARKER IN DISCRIMINATING INDIVIDUALS HAS BEEN ARGUED IN THE PRESENT PAPER. THE SIMPSON'S DIVERSITY INDEX IS OFFERED AS A DISCRIMINATORY INDEX (D) TO ADJUST THE POLYMORPHISM INFORMATION CONTENT (PIC) OF THE DOMINANT MARKERS. THE PROPOSED ADJUSTED PIC (PICD = PIC ´ D) HAS THE POTENTIAL TO DISPLAY BOTH THE POLYMORPHISM INFORMATION CONTENT AND THE RATE OF BAND DISPERSION HEREBY INCREASES THE PRECISION OF COMPARISON OF THE INFORMATIVENESS OF DIFFERENT DOMINANT MARKERS. A PLOT OF PIC AGAINST D INDEX RETAINS TWO IMPORTANT ASPECTS (I.E. POLYMORPHISM CONTENT AND DISCRIMINATION POWER) OF A DOMINANT MARKER AND THUS WOULD BE USEFUL TO SHOW POLYMORPHIC INFORMATION CONTENT APPROPRIATELY.

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Author(s): 

Heidari Tahereh

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2019
  • Volume: 

    7
  • Issue: 

    1
  • Pages: 

    33-57
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    549
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

The Simpsonian narrative model, which deals with critical stylistics, relies on linguistic tools to examine a narrator's performance while narrating. This qualitative model allows the researcher to analyze points of view by means of identifying the narrator type and the mood used. The present descriptive-analytical research, which selected this model as its framework, analyzed the role of the narrator in the Noble Surah Ta-ha from temporal, spatial, psychological, and mood perspectives. The fictional capacity of Surah Ta-Ha and addressing narrative details, along with the necessity of conducting linguistic analyses of Qur'anic stories are some of rationales for this study. Based on the research findings and the evaluations carried out, the narrator in this sura is the third person narrative mode who sometimes changes his state to the reflector-mode. Furthermore, the mood of the narrator in this sura is positive and considering the verb types used, the narrator has a comprehensive dominance in terms of the information provided with the audience.

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Journal: 

PRIVATE LAW STUDIES

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2011
  • Volume: 

    41
  • Issue: 

    3
  • Pages: 

    315-333
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    1806
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

As a result of RULE of law ideal, judges are required to act in accordance with laws. The ideal is justified by some political values: political liberty, legal liberty, personal liberty and equality. Citizens are subject only to the law not to the arbitrary will or judgment of another who wields coercive government power. But in some cases law is indeterminate. In these cases there is an important question: how can the law command when the law books are silent or unclear or ambiguous? There are three theory in jurisprudence: legal positivism, legal pragmatism and legal interpretivism. I reject positivism and pragmatism and urge interpretivism. I believe that it provides a better account of our law.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2023
  • Volume: 

    16
  • Issue: 

    5
  • Pages: 

    141-157
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    112
  • Downloads: 

    31
Abstract: 

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Nader Ebrahimi is one of the most prominent literary figures of the Persian language in the contemporary era, who has created works in various fields. As a popular writer, he has represented his approaches in relation to the conditions of the society of the time and its demographic layers and has reflected individual and group demands in his works, among these works are the Ghazal stories of the bad years. In the realization of this goal, the use of means has been effective. Paul Simpson has a special place among the literary critics who have provided extensive and thoughtful comments on the subject. While introducing the four aspects of imperative, commitment, epistemology and perception, he has described components for each. The aim of the present research is to investigate the examples of the four aspects in the mentioned work and to explain the secondary purposes of Ebrahimi from the work of each aspect. METHODOLOGY: The article was compiled based on library sources and descriptive-analytical method. FINDINGS: Ebrahimi has used more epistemic and perceptual aspects in this work and has represented the conditions from his point of view by using adverbs, adjectives and verbs. Also, it was found that the author started the process of influencing the audience from the structural layers of the text and transferred it to the deeper layers in order to strengthen his speech-which mainly had a political, social, and cultural charge-in the verbal and content layers. CONCLUSION: Ebrahimi has tried to explain his criticisms by using the concept of Mode and challenge the foundations of the political system of the time by properly using the capacities of Mode systems.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    0
  • Volume: 

    43
  • Issue: 

    1 (پیاپی 109)
  • Pages: 

    37-48
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    338
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

مقدمه: تجویز داروهای یوتروتونیک در طی عمل سزارین بسیار متغیر است. هدف از این مطالعه، بررسی و مقایسه دوز اکسی توسین تجویزی بر اساس الگوریتم با پروتوکل ویلیامز و همچنین عوارض جانبی در هر گروه از زنان کم خطر از جهت آتونی رحمی بعد از زایمان میباشد. مواد و روش ها: مطالعه به صورت آینده نگر و سه سوکور در 110بیمار که طبق تقسیم بندی انجمن متخصصین بیهوشی آمریکا (ASA) در دو گروه I, II تقسیم شده و تحت عمل جراحی سزارین قرار گرفتند، انجام شد. بر اساس روش دریافت اکسی توسین، بیماران به صورت تصادفی به دو گروه تقسیم شدند: گروه یک اکسی توسین را به روشRULE of Threesدریافت کردند و گروه دو بر اساس پروتوکل ویلیامز این دارو را دریافت نمودند. مصرف اکسی توسین و پارامترهای همودینامیک در هر دو گروه ثبت و مقایسه شد. یافته ها: میانگین دوز مصرفی اکسی توسین در گروه اول 94/0± 32/3 (IU)بود در حالیکه میانگین دوز اکسی توسین مصرفی در گروه دوم 0/0± 6(IU) بود که با روش آماری تی تست مستقل، اختلاف معنی داری را بین دو گروه از نظر دوز مصرفی اکسی توسین نشان داد (P<0. 001). میانگین دوز مصرفی مترژن در گروه اول003/0 ± 02/0(mg) بود. در حالیکه میانگین دوز مترژن مصرفی در گروه دوم02/0 ± 2/0(mg) بود که با روش آماری تی تست مستقل اختلاف معنی داری را از نظر مصرف مترژن نشان داد (P<0. 001). از تعداد 55 بیمار در گروه یک به ترتیب در زمان های 3، 6، 9، 12 و 15 دقیقه تعداد 6، 1، 1، 0 و 0 بیمار تونیسیسته مناسب نداشتند در حالیکه در گروه دوم از همین تعداد بیمار در زمان های 3، 6 و 9 دقیقه هیچکدام از 55 بیمار تونیسیته مناسب نداشتند و در زمان های 12 و 15 دقیقه تعداد بیماران بدون تونیسیته مناسب رحمی 2 بیمار بود. هیچگونه اختلاف معنی داری در همودینامیک مادری، اثرات جانبی و خون از دست رفته بین دو گروه دیده نشد. نتیجه گیری: در هر دو روش هیچ گونه تغییرات غیر طبیعی در همودینامیک و نیز عوارض دیگر که مرتبط با دوز بالای اکسی توسین است، مشاهده نشد. این نتیجه نشانگر این نکته اساسی و مهم است که در این دو روش انجام شده دوز کلی اکسی توسین به میزانی که عوارض سوء ایجاد کند، نمی رسد. مزیتهای روش RULE of Threes این است که اثربخشی بالاتری داشته و در زمان کوتاهتری به تونسیته رحمی مناسب میتوان رسید و به خط دوم درمانی، نیاز نشد. در دوره پیگیری یک روزه عوارضی همچون آتونی و خونریزی غیر طبیعی نیز مشاهده نشد.

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